Sample MLA Bibliography & Annotation
Works Cited
"Blueprint Lays Out Clear Path for Climate Action." Environmental Defense Fund. Environmental Defense Fund, 8 May 2007. Web. 24 May 2009.
Clinton, Bill. Interview by Andrew C. Revkin. “Clinton on Climate Change.” New York Times. New York Times, May 2007. Web. 25 May 2009.
Dean, Cornelia. "Executive on a Mission: Saving the Planet." New York Times. New York Times, 22 May 2007. Web. 25 May 2009.
Ebert, Roger. "An Inconvenient Truth." Rev. of An Inconvenient Truth, dir. Davis Guggenheim. Rogerebert.com. Sun-Times News Group, 2 June 2006.
Web. 24 May 2009.
GlobalWarming.org. Cooler Heads Coalition, 2007. Web. 24 May 2009.
An Inconvenient Truth. Dir. Davis Guggenheim. Perf. Al Gore, Billy West. Paramount, 2006. DVD.
Leroux, Marcel. Global Warming: Myth Or Reality?: The Erring Ways of Climatology. New York: Springer, 2005. Print.
Milken, Michael, Gary Becker, Myron Scholes, and Daniel Kahneman. "On Global Warming and Financial Imbalances." New Perspectives Quarterly
23.4 (2006): 63. Print
Nordhaus, William D. "After Kyoto: Alternative Mechanisms to Control Global Warming." American Economic Review 96.2 (2006): 31-34. Print.
---. "Global Warming Economics." Science 9 Nov. 2001: 1283-84. Science Online. Web. 24 May 2009.
SAMPLE ANNOTATION--do this for EACH bibliographic entry:
Shulte, Bret. "Putting a Price on Pollution." Usnews.com. US News & World Rept., 6 May 2007. Web. 24 May 2009.
Pollution is costly, both environmentally and economically. Many communities find themselves struggling with pollution-related illnesses. Furthermore, the cost to clean up an oil spill or other environmental disasters is very high, both to clean it up and because people lose their jobs. As we saw in Louisiana, there’s also a human cost. I used this article in my conclusion to bring home the point that pollution is costly.
"Blueprint Lays Out Clear Path for Climate Action." Environmental Defense Fund. Environmental Defense Fund, 8 May 2007. Web. 24 May 2009.
Clinton, Bill. Interview by Andrew C. Revkin. “Clinton on Climate Change.” New York Times. New York Times, May 2007. Web. 25 May 2009.
Dean, Cornelia. "Executive on a Mission: Saving the Planet." New York Times. New York Times, 22 May 2007. Web. 25 May 2009.
Ebert, Roger. "An Inconvenient Truth." Rev. of An Inconvenient Truth, dir. Davis Guggenheim. Rogerebert.com. Sun-Times News Group, 2 June 2006.
Web. 24 May 2009.
GlobalWarming.org. Cooler Heads Coalition, 2007. Web. 24 May 2009.
An Inconvenient Truth. Dir. Davis Guggenheim. Perf. Al Gore, Billy West. Paramount, 2006. DVD.
Leroux, Marcel. Global Warming: Myth Or Reality?: The Erring Ways of Climatology. New York: Springer, 2005. Print.
Milken, Michael, Gary Becker, Myron Scholes, and Daniel Kahneman. "On Global Warming and Financial Imbalances." New Perspectives Quarterly
23.4 (2006): 63. Print
Nordhaus, William D. "After Kyoto: Alternative Mechanisms to Control Global Warming." American Economic Review 96.2 (2006): 31-34. Print.
---. "Global Warming Economics." Science 9 Nov. 2001: 1283-84. Science Online. Web. 24 May 2009.
SAMPLE ANNOTATION--do this for EACH bibliographic entry:
Shulte, Bret. "Putting a Price on Pollution." Usnews.com. US News & World Rept., 6 May 2007. Web. 24 May 2009.
Pollution is costly, both environmentally and economically. Many communities find themselves struggling with pollution-related illnesses. Furthermore, the cost to clean up an oil spill or other environmental disasters is very high, both to clean it up and because people lose their jobs. As we saw in Louisiana, there’s also a human cost. I used this article in my conclusion to bring home the point that pollution is costly.
In-Text Citations
Here are some examples of how to work in your quotes:
Human beings have been described by Kenneth Burke as "symbol-using animals" (3). Human beings have been described as "symbol-using animals" (Burke 3).
We see so many global warming hotspots in North America likely because this region has “more readily accessible climatic data... and more comprehensive programs to monitor and study environmental change” (“Impact of Global Warming” 6).
OR ("Impact of Global Warming", par. 6) if there is no page number listed.
Ebert states, "the film's soundtrack reflects its serious tone" (par. 5), but it is, at times, distracting to viewers.
While "the film's soundtrack reflects its serious tone" (Ebert, par. 5), it is sometimes distracting to viewers.
The EPA reports a significant increase in the reports of food born illness (EPA.org).Sometimes you may have to use an indirect source.
An indirect source is a source cited in another source. For such indirect quotations, use "qtd. in" to indicate the source you actually consulted. For example:
Ravitch argues that high schools are pressured to act as "social service centers, and they don't do that well" (qtd. in Weisman 259).
More examples:Citing Prose: According to some, dreams express "profound aspects of personality" (Foulkes 184), though others disagree.
According to Foulkes's study, dreams may express "profound aspects of personality" (184).
Adding or Omitting Words in QuotationsIf you add a word or words in a quotation, you should put brackets around the words to indicate that they are not part of the original text.
Jan Harold Brunvand, in an essay on urban legends, states: "some individuals [who retell urban legends] make a point of learning every rumor or tale" (78).
If you omit a word or words from a quotation, you should indicate the deleted word or words by using ellipsis marks, which are three periods ( . . . ) preceded and followed by a space. For example:
In an essay on urban legends, Jan Harold Brunvand notes that "some individuals make a point of learning every recent rumor or tale . . . and in a short time a lively exchange of details occurs" (78).
Human beings have been described by Kenneth Burke as "symbol-using animals" (3). Human beings have been described as "symbol-using animals" (Burke 3).
We see so many global warming hotspots in North America likely because this region has “more readily accessible climatic data... and more comprehensive programs to monitor and study environmental change” (“Impact of Global Warming” 6).
OR ("Impact of Global Warming", par. 6) if there is no page number listed.
Ebert states, "the film's soundtrack reflects its serious tone" (par. 5), but it is, at times, distracting to viewers.
While "the film's soundtrack reflects its serious tone" (Ebert, par. 5), it is sometimes distracting to viewers.
The EPA reports a significant increase in the reports of food born illness (EPA.org).Sometimes you may have to use an indirect source.
An indirect source is a source cited in another source. For such indirect quotations, use "qtd. in" to indicate the source you actually consulted. For example:
Ravitch argues that high schools are pressured to act as "social service centers, and they don't do that well" (qtd. in Weisman 259).
More examples:Citing Prose: According to some, dreams express "profound aspects of personality" (Foulkes 184), though others disagree.
According to Foulkes's study, dreams may express "profound aspects of personality" (184).
Adding or Omitting Words in QuotationsIf you add a word or words in a quotation, you should put brackets around the words to indicate that they are not part of the original text.
Jan Harold Brunvand, in an essay on urban legends, states: "some individuals [who retell urban legends] make a point of learning every rumor or tale" (78).
If you omit a word or words from a quotation, you should indicate the deleted word or words by using ellipsis marks, which are three periods ( . . . ) preceded and followed by a space. For example:
In an essay on urban legends, Jan Harold Brunvand notes that "some individuals make a point of learning every recent rumor or tale . . . and in a short time a lively exchange of details occurs" (78).
Notes...
Please keep the following in mind.
You will fail if you don't turn in a correctly cited Bibliography.
You will fail if you don't incorporate citations from your sources into your research paper.
You will likely fail if you only incorporate a few sources into your research paper or you incorporate them incorrectly.
You will fail if you do not grasp your topic and the MESSAGE of the film.
You will fail if you do not keep up with the work and wait until the last minute to throw together this paper.
Let's clarify your topics:Issue-- Climate Change/Environment: An Inconvenient Truth directed by Davis Guggenheim
[Research should focus on Climate Change, what it is, what can we do/are we doing to deal with it.]
Issue-- Capital Punishment/Injustice: West of Memphis directed by Amy Berg.
[Research should focus on injustice in the criminal system-- how innocent people can be and are sent to prison or even death row and what can be done about it. Your film is about one particular case, but that case is representative of a larger issue in society.]
Issue-- Healthcare/Universal Healthcare: Sicko directed by Michael Moore
[Research should focus on the concept of universal healthcare and what America is doing to ensure that every person has access to quality healthcare (if anything at all)].
Issue-- Religious Abuses/Indoctrination: Jesus Camp directed by Heidi Ewing & Rachel Grady
[Research should focus on the concept of indoctrination and the disorder of religiosity and that there is a fine line between freedom of religion and child abuse.]
Issue-- Euthanasia: How to Die in Oregon directed by Peter Richardson. [Research should focus on doctor-assisted suicide and whether or not this practice should be widely legalized.]
Issue-- Animal Rights: Blackfish directed by Gabriela Caperthwaite. [Research should focus on animals kept in captivity and the arguments for and against this practice.]
Issue-- Education/Failing Schools: Waiting for Superman directed by Davis Guggenheim
[Research should focus on the failing education system in America and what can/should be done to ensure that every child has access to a quality education.]
You will fail if you don't turn in a correctly cited Bibliography.
You will fail if you don't incorporate citations from your sources into your research paper.
You will likely fail if you only incorporate a few sources into your research paper or you incorporate them incorrectly.
You will fail if you do not grasp your topic and the MESSAGE of the film.
You will fail if you do not keep up with the work and wait until the last minute to throw together this paper.
Let's clarify your topics:Issue-- Climate Change/Environment: An Inconvenient Truth directed by Davis Guggenheim
[Research should focus on Climate Change, what it is, what can we do/are we doing to deal with it.]
Issue-- Capital Punishment/Injustice: West of Memphis directed by Amy Berg.
[Research should focus on injustice in the criminal system-- how innocent people can be and are sent to prison or even death row and what can be done about it. Your film is about one particular case, but that case is representative of a larger issue in society.]
Issue-- Healthcare/Universal Healthcare: Sicko directed by Michael Moore
[Research should focus on the concept of universal healthcare and what America is doing to ensure that every person has access to quality healthcare (if anything at all)].
Issue-- Religious Abuses/Indoctrination: Jesus Camp directed by Heidi Ewing & Rachel Grady
[Research should focus on the concept of indoctrination and the disorder of religiosity and that there is a fine line between freedom of religion and child abuse.]
Issue-- Euthanasia: How to Die in Oregon directed by Peter Richardson. [Research should focus on doctor-assisted suicide and whether or not this practice should be widely legalized.]
Issue-- Animal Rights: Blackfish directed by Gabriela Caperthwaite. [Research should focus on animals kept in captivity and the arguments for and against this practice.]
Issue-- Education/Failing Schools: Waiting for Superman directed by Davis Guggenheim
[Research should focus on the failing education system in America and what can/should be done to ensure that every child has access to a quality education.]